正文
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班克曼
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弗里德有所关联而被玷污，他妄图将自己的诈骗行为粉饰为善行。
Happily, the notion that there is a wise way to give has a long and noble history. Aristotle suggested that virtue stemmed from correct giving: to the right people, in the right amounts, for the right reasons and at the right times.
但值得庆幸的是，明智捐赠的理念有着悠久而崇高的历史。亚里士多德认为，美德源于正确的捐赠：捐赠给正确的人、以适当的数额、出于正当的理由、在合适的时间。
For the modern giver, three considerations could usefully serve as a guide. First should be to observe your own moral priorities. Giving to rescue dying languages and to save dying children both have an intrinsic value.
对于现代捐赠者而言，以下三个方面的考量可作为宝贵的指引。首先，应坚守个人的道德优先项。无论是为了挽救濒临灭绝的语言，还是拯救生命垂危的孩童，两者皆蕴含着不可估量的内在价值。
Religion and philosophy may help you balance their competing claims. But ultimately, how important you find one good cause compared with another is a matter of personal choice.
宗教与哲学或许能帮助我们平衡这些看似冲突的观念，但归根结底，判定哪一项善行更为重要，终究是个人的选择。
Another consideration is how much freedom you should allow worthy recipients to choose between different good things for themselves. You might be fired up with the mission to lift up the neediest out of poverty.
其次，你应赋予善行的接受者在不同需求间做出选择的权利。或许你满怀使命感，致力于帮助最贫困的人群摆脱困境。
But they may prefer to spend your precious money on a funeral for a close friend than to invest in a cow as a source of future income. You need to decide how much to defer to their wishes.
然而，他们可能更倾向于将你的慷慨解囊用于好友的葬礼，而非作为投资奶牛以获取未来收入的途径。此时，你需权衡在何种程度上应尊重他们的意愿。
This way of thinking helps explain why schemes offering cash transfers have become more popular in recent years. GiveDirectly, which offers such handouts in poor countries, has alone raised over half a billion dollars in the past three years.
这种思维模式，也在一定程度上解释了为何近年来提供现金转移的援助计划愈发受到青睐。例如，专注于在贫困国家提供现金援助的
GiveDirectly
组织，仅在过去的三年间，便筹集了超过
5
亿美元的资金。
The third consideration is efficiency. Be it preventing river blindness, improving literacy or doling out cash, some organisations are better than others at getting the job done.
第三个重要的考量因素便是效率。无论是预防河盲症、提升识字率，还是发放现金援助，总有一些组织在执行任务时展现出更为卓越的成效。
