【经济学人】惊！超级电容器|2016年10月1日|总第707期

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ALMOST every week seems to bring reports in scientific journals of new electricity-storage devices—batteries and capacitors—being invented in laboratories around the world. The journey from bench-top to assembly line, though, is fraught with hazard and few of these ideas end up as products able to withstand the rough and tumble of industrial and consumer use. Fewer still hail from beyond the laboratories of North America, western Europe and Japan. But one which does is Skeleton Technologies’ ultracapacitor , which was developed, and is now being manufactured , in Estonia.

几乎每周科技期刊都会报道世界各地的实验室发明的新的蓄电池和电容器。然而，从实验室的实验台到工厂的生产线这一过程中充满了潜在的不确定阻碍，致使很少有新设备能够顶住消费者和工厂的混战，被投入工厂生产中。然而还是有一些新创意从北美洲、西欧和日本的实验室传出来。这其中就有一个新点子是来自Skeleton Technologies公司。此公司自主研发的超级电容器器已经在爱沙尼亚投产了。

be fraught with ：充满……的

hazard：n. 危险，冒险

ultracapacitor：n. 超电容

manufacture：vt. 制造

Unlike batteries, which store energy chemically by squirrelling it away in the materials of their electrodes, capacitors store it physically as static electricity clinging to the surfaces of their equivalents of electrodes, which are known as plates. This static can be tapped or added to more swiftly than any chemical reaction can manage, so capacitors both store and discharge electricity more rapidly than batteries do. That makes them ideal for delivering short bursts of power. But they cannot accommodate nearly as much energy as batteries, so they soon run out of vim .

与电池利用化学的方法，把它的电能储存在电极材料的方式不同，超级电容器是用物理方法，通过表面的等价电极来收集电容器上的静电，这个等价电极称作“极板”。静电比其他任何化学反应都要容易产生和更容易储存，所以无论是储存还是充电，电容器都比电池要快。所以电容器就成了提供短期供电的完美选择。不过电容器的蓄电容量没有电池大，所以其电量很容易就会耗光。

Squirrel ：vt. 贮藏

static electricity：静电

vim：n. 精力，活力

Supercapacitors, and their upscale cousins ultracapacitors, attempt to bridge this gap by increasing the surface areas of their plates, and also by adding an electrolyte of the sort found in batteries. Skeleton Technologies’ device, the company claims, does these things so well that it can deliver four times more power per kilogram than anything else on the market. Its secret is that its plates are coated with graphene , a form of carbon a single atom thick. Graphene has a surface area of more than 2,000 square metres per gram, and Skeleton’s graphene is also penetrated by pores that permit the passage of ions from the electrolyte. These are inculcated by a proprietary process, using silicon carbide and titanium carbide, and are precisely engineered to permit the ions’ passage. （读者试译）

强电容器和它的升级版超级电容器，都尝试通过扩大极板面积，并且在极板中添加电池电解质来填补这个不足。Skeleton Technologies公司声称其电容器能够储存每公斤四倍于市场上其他电容器的能量。它的秘诀是在极板上覆盖了一层石墨烯——一种单原子组成的碳平面。Skeleton Technologies公司的电容器的石墨烯表面积超过2000平方米每克。 期待您的翻译，您可以将翻译留言到文章底部，第二天会有详细解析哦。

Upscale：adj. 迎合高层次消费者的；质优价高的

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