正文
Artificial intelligence (AI)
is
intelligence exhibited by machines.
通过普通计算机实现的智能。
In computer science, the field of AI research defines itself as the study of "intelligent agents": any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of success at some goal.[1] Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is applied when
a machine mimics 模仿"
cognitive
" functions
认知功能
that humans associate with other human minds
,
such as "learning" 学习 and "problem solving".
解决问题
The central problems (or goals) of AI research include
reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, natural language processing
(communication),
perception and the ability to move and
manipulate
[məˈnɪpjʊˌleɪt]
objects. 核心问题包括 推理、知识、规划、学习、交流、感知、移动和
操作
物体的能力
(Wikipedia)
二、人类与电脑的合作
（TED演讲 level 1）
2012年6月
TED演讲
The rise of human computer cooperation 的导入部分
便介绍了
人 机 合 作 的 兴 起
。
（更多与人工智能相关的TED演讲，后续会选择性推送）
I'd like to tell you about two games of
chess
. The first happened in 1997, in which Garry Kasparov, a human, lost to Deep Blue, a machine. To many, this was the dawn of a new era, one where man would be dominated by machine. But here we are, 20 years on, and the greatest change in how we relate to computers is the iPad, not HAL.
我想告诉你们两场象棋比赛。 一场发生在1997年，卡斯帕罗夫， 一个人类， 输给了‘深蓝’，一部机器。 对许多人来说，这是一个新时代的黎明， 一个人被机器统治的时代。 但现在的我们，20年已经过去了，而最能改变 我们与电脑之间关系的是IPAD， 不是 HAL。
The second game was a freestyle chess tournament in 2005, in which man and machine could enter together as partners, rather than adversaries, if they so chose. At first, the results were predictable.Even a supercomputer was beaten by a grandmaster with a relatively weak laptop. The surprise came at the end. Who won? Not a grandmaster with a supercomputer, but actually two American amateursusing three relatively weak laptops. Their ability to coach and manipulate their computers to deeply explore specific positions effectively counteracted the superior chess knowledge of the grandmasters and the superior computational power of other adversaries. This is an astonishing result: average men, average machines beating the best man, the best machine. And anyways, isn't it supposed to be man versus machine? Instead, it's about cooperation, and the right type of cooperation.
第二场是自由式国际象棋锦标赛
在
2005
年，人类与机器可以一起进入比赛
以合作伙伴的身份，而不是敌人，如果他们这样选择。
起初，结果是可以预测的。
即使是一台超级计算机也会输给特级大师
和一台相对较弱的便携式计算机。
可结局令人惊讶。谁赢了？
不是使用超级计算机的大师，
而实际上是两个美国业余选手
和他们使用的三台相对较弱的笔记本电脑。
他们有能力知道和操纵他们的计算机
从而深入探索具体的位置
以有效的方法抵消
大师和卓越计算的优越的国际象棋知识
和其他对手。
这是一个令人吃惊的结果：
普通男性，
一般的计算机击败最好的人和最好的机器。
不管怎么说，不应该是机器于人对战吗？
相反，它是关于合作和正确的合作方式。
……
完整的演讲请follow网址
https://www.ted.com/talks/shyam_sankar_the_rise_of_human_computer_cooperation/
三、关于 仿人机器人
humanoid robot
['hjuːmənɒɪd]
['rəʊbɒt]
humanoid
意思是
"
具有人的形状或特性的，类人的
"
，也可以指
"
类人动物
"
。
A humanoid robot is
a robot with its body shape built to resemble the human body
. The design may be for functional purposes, such as interacting with human tools and environments 与环境交互, for experimental purposes 实验目的, such as the study of al locomotion运动力学, or for other purposes.
In general, humanoid robots have a
torso 躯干
[ˈtɔːsəʊ]
, a
head
, two
arms
, and two
legs
,
though some forms of humanoid robots may model only part of the body
