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随着这些领域的发展，从实验室研究到有经济价值的技术之间的流动，已形成良性循环。哪怕很小的性能改进，都会带来巨大的经济效益，进而鼓励更长期、更大的投入和研究。目前人们广泛认同，人工智能的研究正在稳步发展，而它对社会的影响很可能扩大，潜在的好处是巨大的——毕竟文明能提供的一切，都是人类智力的产物；但当这种智力被人工智能提供的工具放大过后，我们无法预测我们获得的结果。但是，正如我说过的，根除疾病和贫穷并不是完全不可能，由于人工智能的巨大潜力，研究如何
（从人工智能）
获益并规避风险是非常重要的。
Artificial intelligence research is now progressing rapidly. And this research can be discussed as short-term and long-term. Some short-term concerns relate to autonomous vehicles, from civilian drones and self-driving cars. For example, a self-driving car may, in an emergency, have to decide between a small risk of a major accident, and a large probability of a small accident. Other concerns relate to lethal intelligent autonomous weapons. Should they be banned. If so, how should autonomy be precisely defined. If not, how should culpability for any misuse or malfunction be apportioned. Other issues include privacy concerns, as AI becomes increasingly able to interpret large surveillance datasets, and how to best manage the economic impact of jobs displaced by AI.
现在，关于人工智能的研究正在迅速发展。这一研究可以从短期和长期两个角度来讨论。一些短期的担忧，与无人驾驶相关，从民用无人机到自主驾驶汽车。比如说，在紧急情况下，一辆无人驾驶汽车不得不在大事故的小风险和小事故的大概率之间进行选择。另一个担忧是致命性智能自主武器。他们是否该被禁止？如果是，那么“自主”该如何精确定义。如果不是，任何使用不当和故障的过失应该如何问责。还有另外一些担忧：由人工智能逐渐可以解读大量监控数据引起的隐私和担忧，以及如何管理因人工智能取代工作岗位带来的经济影响。
Long-term concerns, comprise primarily of the potential loss of control of AI systems, via the rise of super-intelligences that do not act in accordance with human wishes, and that such powerful systems would threaten humanity. Are such days topic outcomes possible. If so, how might these situations arise. What kind of investments in research should be made, to better understand and to address the possibility of the rise of a dangerous super-intelligence, or the occurrence of an intelligence explosion.
长期担忧主要是人工智能系统失控的潜在风险——由于不遵循人类意愿行事的超级智能的崛起，这样强大的系统将威胁到人类。如今这样的话题是否会成为现实？如果是，这些情况是如何出现的？我们应该投入什么样的研究，以便更好理解和解决危险的超级智能崛起的可能性，或智能爆发的出现？
Existing tools for harnessing AI, such as reinforcement learning, and simple utility functions, are inadequate to solve this. Therefore more research is necessary to find and validate a robust solution to the control problem.
当前控制人工智能技术的工具，例如强化学习、简单的效用函数，还不足以解决这个问题。因此，我们需要进一步研究来找到和确认一个可靠的解决办法来解决掌控这一问题。
Recent land marks, such as the self-driving cars already mentioned, or a computer winning at the game of Go, are signs of what is to come. Enormous levels of investment are pouring in to this technology. The achievements we have seen so far, will surely pale against what the coming decades will bring, and we can not predict what we might achieve, when our own minds are amplified by AI. Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution, we will be able to undo some of the damaged one to the natural world by the last one, industrialisation. Every aspect of our lyves will be transformed. In short, success in creating AI, could be the biggest event in the history of our civiliztion.
近来的里程碑，比如说之前提到的自主驾驶汽车，以及人工智能赢得围棋比赛，都是未来趋势的迹象。巨大的投入正倾入这项科技。我们目前所取得的成就，和未来几十年后可能取得的成就相比，必然相形见绌。当我们的想法被人工智能放大以后，我们无法预测我们将取得怎样的结果。也许在这种新技术革命的辅助下，我们可以解决一些工业化对自然界造成的损害。关乎到我们生活的各个方面都即将被改变。简而言之，人工智能的成功有可能是人类文明史上最大的事件。
But it could also be the last, unless we learn how to avoid the risks. I have said in the past that the development of full AI, could spell the end of the human race, such as the ultimate use of powerful autonomous weapons. Earlier this year, I, along with other international scientists, supported the United Nations convention to negotiate a ban on nuclear weapons. These negotiations started last week, and we await the outcome with nervous santicipation. Currently, nine nuclear powers have access to roughly 14,000 nuclear weapons, any one of which can obliterate cities, contaminate wide swathes of land with radio active fall-out, and the most horrible hazard of all, cause a nuclear-induced winter, in which the fires and smoke might trigger a global mini-ice age. The result is a complete collapse of the global food system, and apocalyptic unrest, potentially killing most people on earth. We scientists bear a special responsibility for nuclear weapons, since it was scientists who invented them, and discovered that their effects are even more horrific than first thought.
但是人工智能也有可能是人类文明史的终结，除非我们学会如何避免危险。我曾经说过，人工智能的全方位发展可能招致人类的灭亡，比如最大化使用智能性自主武器。今年早些时候，我和一些来自世界各国的科学家共同在联合国会议上支持其对于核武器的禁令。我们正在焦急地等待协商结果。目前，九个核大国可以控制大约一万四千个核武器，它们中的任何一个都可以将城市夷为平地，放射性废物会大面积污染农田，最可怕的危害是诱发核冬天，火和烟雾会导致全球的小冰河期。这一结果将是全球粮食体系崩塌、末日般的动荡，很可能导致大部分人死亡。我们作为科学家，对核武器承担着特殊的责任，因为正是科学家发明了它们，并发现它们的影响比最初预想的更加可怕。
At this stage, I may have possibly frightened you all here today, with talk of doom. I apologize. But it is important that you, as attendees to today's conference, recognize the position you hold in influencing future research and development of today's technology. I believe that we join together, to call for support of international treaties, or signing letters presented to individual government all powers. Technology leaders and scientists are doing what they can, to obviate the rise of uncontrollable AI.
现阶段，我对灾难的探讨可能惊吓到了在座的各位。很抱歉。但是作为今天的与会者，重要的是，你们要认清自己在影响当前技术的未来研发中的位置。我相信我们团结在一起，来呼吁国际条约的支持或者签署呈交给各国政府的公开信，科技领袖和科学家正极尽所能避免不可控人工智能的崛起。
In October last year, I opened a new center in Cambridge, England, which will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research. The Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence, is a multi-disciplinary institute, dedicated to researching the future of intelligence, as crucial to the future of our civilisation and our species. We spend a great deal of time studying history, which let's face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it's a welcome change, that people are studying instead the future of intelligence. We are aware of the potential dangers, but I am at heart an optimist, and believe that the potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge. Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution, we will be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world, by industrialisation.
去年10月，我在英国剑桥建立了一个新的机构，试图解决一些在人工智能研究快速发展中出现的尚无定论的问题。“利弗休姆智能未来中心”是一个跨学科研究所，致力于研究智能的未来，这对我们文明和物种的未来至关重要。我们花费大量时间学习历史，深入去看——大多数是关于愚蠢的历史。所以人们转而研究智能的未来是令人欣喜的变化。虽然我们对潜在危险有所意识，但我内心仍秉持乐观态度，我相信创造智能的潜在收益是巨大的。也许借助这项新技术革命的工具，我们将可以削减工业化对自然界造成的伤害。
Every aspect of our lives will be transformed. My colleague at the institute, HuwPrice, has acknowledged that the center came about partially as a result of the university’s Centre for Existential Risk. That institute examines a wider range of potential problems for humanity, while the Leverhulme Centrehas a more narrow focus.
我们生活的每一个方面都会被改变。我在研究所的同事休·普林斯承认，“利弗休姆中心”能建立，部分是因为大学成立了“存在风险中心”。后者更加广泛地审视了人类潜在问题，“利弗休姆中心”的重点研究范围则相对狭窄。
Recent developments in the advancement of AI, include a call by the European Parliament for drafting a set of regulations, to govern the use and creation of robots and AI. Somewhat surprisingly, this includes a form of electronic personhood, to ensure the rights and responsibilities for the most capable and advanced AI. A European Parliament spokesman has commented, that as a growing number of are as in our daily lyves are increasingly affected by robots, we need to ensure that robots are, and will remain, in the service of humans. There port as presented to MEPs, makes it clear that it believes the world is on the cusp of a new industrial robot revolution. It examines whether or not providing legal rights for robots as electronic persons, on a par with the legal definition of corporate personhood, would be permissible. But stresses that at all times, researchers and designers should ensure all robotic design incorporates a kill switch. This didn't help the scientists on board the spaceship with Hal, the malfunctioning robotic computer in Kubrick’s two thousand and one, a Space Odyssey, but that was fiction. We deal with fact. Lorna Brazell, a partner at the multinational law firm Osborne Clarke, says in the report, that we don’t give whales and gorillas personhood, so there is no need to jump at robotic personhood. But the wariness is there. The report acknowledges the possibility that within the space of a few decades, AI could surpass human intellectual capacity, and challenge the human robot relationship. Finally, the report calls for the creation of a European agency for robotic sand AI, that can provide technical, ethical, and regulatory expertise. If MEP svote in favor of legislation, the report will go to the European Commission, which has three months to decide what legislative steps it will take.
人工智能的最新进展，包括欧洲议会呼吁起草一系列法规，以管理机器人和人工智能的创新。令人感到些许惊讶的是，这里面涉及到了一种形式的电子人格，以确保最有能力和最先进的人工智能的权利和责任。欧洲议会发言人评论说，随着日常生活中越来越多的领域日益受到机器人的影响，我们需要确保机器人无论现在还是将来，都为人类而服务。向欧洲议会议员提交的报告，明确认为世界正处于新的工业机器人革命的前沿。报告中分析的是给机器人提供作为电子人的权利，这等同于公司法人
（的身份）
，是否有可能。报告强调，在任何时候，研究和设计人员都应确保每一个机器人设计都包含有终止开关。在库布里克的电影《2001太空漫游》中，出故障的超级电脑哈尔没有让科学家们进入太空舱，但那是科幻。我们要面对的则是事实。奥斯本·克拉克跨国律师事务所的合伙人，洛纳·布拉泽尔在报告中说，我们不承认鲸鱼和大猩猩有人格，所以也没有必要急于接受一个机器人人格。但是担忧一直存在。报告承认在几十年的时间内，人工智能可能会超越人类智力范围，人工智能可能会超越人类智力范围，进而挑战人机关系。报告最后呼吁成立欧洲机器人和人工智能机构，以提供技术、伦理和监管方面的专业知识。如果欧洲议会议员投票赞成立法，该报告将提交给欧盟委员会。它将在三个月的时间内决定要采取哪些立法步骤。
We too, have a role to play in making sure the next generation has not just the opportunity, but the determination, to engage fully with the study of science at an early level, so that they can go on to fulfil their potential, and create a better world for the whole human race. This is what I meant, when I was talking to you just now about the importance of learning and education.We need to take this beyond a theoretical discussion of how things should be, and take action, to make sure they have the opportunity to get on board. We stand on the threshold of a brave new world. It is an exciting, if precarious place to be, and you are the pioneers. I wish you well.
我们还应该扮演一个角色，确保下一代不仅仅有机会还要有决心，在早期阶段充分参与科学研究，以便他们继续发挥潜力，帮助人类创造一个更加美好的的世界。这就是我刚谈到学习和教育的重要性时，所要表达的意思。我们需要跳出“事情应该如何”这样的理论探讨，并且采取行动，以确保他们有机会参与进来。我们站在一个美丽新世界的入口。这是一个令人兴奋的、同时充满了不确定性的世界，而你们是先行者。我祝福你们。
