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齐宝鑫：浅谈当前形势下的知识产权战略面临的主要挑战和趋势

IPRdaily · 公众号 · 知识产权 · 2025-05-24 08:00

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From my work experience, one of the key challenges that IP strategies are facing is the issue of IP protection arising from high workforce mobility. This challenge also reflects an emerging trend in contemporary IP strategy adjustments - the increasing importance of trade secrets. Within enterprises, R&D Directors and Sales Directors usually can get high salaries, mainly because they have a knowledge of a company’s technical secrets and business secrets. How to protect these trade secrets has consequently become a critical issue.Japan's traditional lifetime employment system offers an instructive model for trade secret protection. This system establishes stable legal contractual relationships through long-term employment, creating career-long rights and obligations between enterprises and employees from recruitment to retirement. There is nothing more effective in protecting Toyota's trade secrets than having an engineer who, upon graduating from the University of Tokyo, joins Toyota's R&D department and stays there till retirement, without ever transitioning to any Toyota's competitors.From an IP protection perspective, this system demonstrates three legal advantages: Firstly, employee loyalty will be high, and the risk of information leakage will be low. Employees who have served the same enterprise for a long time are more likely to develop a sense of belonging and responsibility. They also have a stronger awareness of protecting the company's confidential information, thus reducing the risk of deliberate leakage of secrets or taking technologies when changing jobs. Secondly, the spread of knowledge will be controlled, and the confidentiality chain will be more stable. Compared with an environment where employees change jobs frequently, lifetime employment reduces the frequent dissemination of core technology and business information within industries, preserving R&D achievements and strategic layouts of the company. Thirdly, the company will be more willing to invest in training and place trust. Since employees are not likely to leave the company, the company can confidently impart core technologies and management experience to them. This not only strengthens the team's capabilities but also establishes a closer relationship of trust, reducing the losses caused by information leakage from an institutional perspective.This lifetime employment system can effectively reduce the risk of trade secret leakage caused by high employee turnover, which is one of the primary contributing factors. While such lifetime employment system may not fully align with domestic contexts, it provides a conceptual framework for reducing trade secret leakage risks and serves as a valuable reference for enhancing intellectual property protection.

企业未来几年成功应对挑战的关键要素是什么？

What do you see as the key factors for enterprises to successfully meet the challenges in the coming years?

掌握核心技术是企业保持生命力的关键。当想到获取技术时人们通常第一反应是通过自主研发获取技术，我将它比喻成“自建房”。但是在“自建房”以外还有买房、租房甚至合建、合买、合租的方式。这些方式各有利弊，对于自建房来说能够做到技术与需求达到最大匹配度，具有良好的效益；但是自建房要从地基开始、从一砖一瓦开始，周期长效率低。相反，租房模式效率高，能够很快就获取需要的技术，但不能保证“租期”有多久，说不定明天房东就不愿意出租房屋了。而买房模式能够很快获取技术而不用担心房子会被房东收走，问题在于可能无法保证买来的房子将来不会贬值。而与他人合作，合建、合买、合租更能提高效率、降低成本，但合作方可能会带来风险。同时不要忘记大学和科学研究所通常拥有比较多的技术，与他们合作或者向他们“租房”“买房”是个不错的选择。2015年修订的促进科技成果转化法也有效促进了与大学或者科研院所之间的合作。有人可能担心大学或者科研院所的技术会在最后一公里上出问题，这种情况下企业在选择合作院所时则需要提高判断能力，必要时候委托专业人员给出专业的判断意见。